https://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/issue/feedThariqah Ilmiah: Jurnal ilmu-ilmu kependidikan & Bahasa Arab2024-02-28T05:26:38+00:00Yunaldinaldi@iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.idOpen Journal Systems<h5>Tariqah Ilmiah: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Kependidikan & Bahasa Arab</h5><div class="row card-panel green lighten-5 identitas"><div class="col s12 m4 l3"><img class="responsive-img z-depth-2" style="display: block; max-height: 250px; max-width: 150px; margin: 0 auto; margin-bottom: 25px;" src="/public/site/images/jurnalthariqah/Desain_tanpa_judul1.png" alt="" /></div><div class="col s12 m8 l9"><table class="rajawalitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><th>Journal title</th><td><span>Tariqah Ilmiah: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Kependidikan & Bahasa Arab</span></td></tr><tr><th>ISSN</th><td><strong></strong><span><a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2721-8406"><strong>2721-8406</strong></a> (Online) I <strong><a href="http://u.lipi.go.id/1400212494">2355-8717</a></strong> (Print)<br /></span></td></tr><tr><th>Frequency</th><td>2 issues per year (June, and December)</td></tr><tr><th>DOI</th><td>prefix <a id="pub-id::doi" href="https://doi.org/10.24952/thariqahilmiah">https://doi.org/10.24952/thariqahilmiah</a> <a href="https://search.crossref.org/?q=2721-8406&from_ui=yes"><img src="http://ijain.org/public/site/images/apranolo/Crossref_Logo_Stacked_RGB_SMALL.png" alt="" height="14" /></a></td></tr><tr><th>Accreditation Number</th><td><strong></strong><strong>No. <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1H0K_UerM3xLGJVDzTQQAMTosj5ZxYTbk/view">200/M/KPT/2020</a> (SINTA 5)</strong>, Until June 2023</td></tr><tr><th><strong>Focus and Scope</strong></th><td><strong>1) Arabic language learning, 2) teaching Arabic as a foreign language, and 3) Arabic language studies.</strong></td></tr><tr><th>Editor-in-Chief</th><td>Yunaldi</td></tr><tr><th>Citation Analysis</th><td><a href="https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?search_mode=content&search_text=thariqah%20ilmiah&search_type=kws&search_field=full_search&and_facet_source_title=jour.1393070">Dimensions</a> I <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SDvSdF0AAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p><strong><a href="/index.php/TI/index">Tariqah Ilmiah: jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Kependidikan & Bahasa Arab</a></strong> published twice a year since 2014 (June and December), Tariqah Ilmiah is a multilingual (Arabic, Indonesian English), peer-reviewed journal, and specializes in Educational Sciences and Arabic Language. This journal is published by the Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab FTIK IAIN Padangsidimuan, in partnership with <a href="https://imla.or.id/" target="_blank">IMLA</a> Indonesia (Association of Arabic Lecturers). Click Here to Download and visit the <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1f48xgt21iZGypb2Stfjl6FdOGTwG4VUr/view">MoU</a> and <a href="https://arjuna.kemdikbud.go.id/jurnal/sertifikat/11442">Sertifikat</a> of SINTA.</p><p>Editors welcome scholars, researchers, and practitioners of Arabic Education around the world to submit scholarly articles to be published through this journal. All articles will be reviewed by experts before being accepted for publication. Each author is solely responsible for the content of published articles.</p><p>Thariqah Ilmiah is accredited by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Republic of Indonesia No. <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1H0K_UerM3xLGJVDzTQQAMTosj5ZxYTbk/view">200/M/KPT/2020</a> on December 2020 (Valid until 2023). Therefore, all articles published by Thariqah Ilmiah will have a unique DOI number.</p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hXKdD7jnKGqkLUb09L4htSpKTyd36Izd/edit"><strong>Article Template</strong></a></p>https://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/9481OPTIMIZING NAHWU LEARNING: COMBINATION OF ELECTRONIC AND CONVENTIONAL MIND MAPPING2024-02-09T05:24:14+00:00Arifdo Putraarifdoputra2021@gmail.comMahyudin Ritongamahyudinritongga@umsb.ac.idHetti Waluati TrianaTrhettitriana@uinib.ac.id<p><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Penelitian ini membahas tentang hasil penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran Nahwu melalui kombinasi strategi pembelajaran mind map elektronik dan konvensional. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya pemahaman siswa terhadap materi Nahwu. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Sebelum intervensi, tingkat kelulusan siswa hanya 55%. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Kombinasi strategi pembelajaran pemetaan pikiran elektronik dan konvensional dirancang dan diterapkan di kelas untuk mengatasi masalah ini. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, yang melibatkan sekelompok siswa dalam proses pembelajaran yang berkesinambungan selama beberapa siklus. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pembelajaran mind map secara elektronik dan konvensional meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi Nahwu secara signifikan. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Peningkatan tersebut terlihat dari tingkat penyelesaian yang meningkat menjadi 81% pada Siklus I dan 90% pada Siklus II. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Siswa menunjukkan peningkatan dalam kemampuan mereka untuk mengidentifikasi dan menerapkan aturan Nahwu. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Selain itu, mereka menunjukkan peningkatan dalam keterampilan komunikasi lisan dan tertulis dalam bahasa Arab. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Oleh karena itu, kombinasi strategi pembelajaran mind map elektronik dan konvensional dapat menjadi pendekatan yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran Nahwu. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Temuan penelitian ini memberikan wawasan berharga bagi para pendidik yang ingin meningkatkan kualitas Nahwu.</span></span></p>2023-12-31T08:56:39+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Arifdo Putrahttps://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/8657THE USE OF SPEECHRECOGNITION TO FIND OUT READING ERRORS ON GOOGLE TRANSLATE2024-02-28T05:04:25+00:00Aulya Fitrieaulyafitrie48@gmail.comAri Khairurrijal Fahmiarikhairurrijal@uhamka.ac.id<p>This study aims to find out what are the errors in reading 50 Arabic vocabularies using speech recognition found on google translate. This research is descriptive qualitative research, with collection techniques using observation and documentation techniques. Data used in this research is 50 vocabularies prepared for reading by 20 students. Data analysis techniques used in research it is an interactive data analysis. The research result obtained is that several vocabularies that have many errors, in the accuracy of letters, and there is also a vocabulary that has the correct letter and vowel accuracy. Errors found in using speech recognition very diverse, such as the arrangement of letters that do not match up with what is captured by the speech recognition function from google translate. Common reading errors in the vocabulary prepared by the researcher an error in the vocabulary ending in the letter <em>Ta’ Marbutah </em>“ة”. This is due to the arrangement of letters and vowels in the vocabulary prepared by the researcher is not by the result captures by google translate when students read it.</p>2023-12-31T08:58:07+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Aulya Fitrie, Ari Khairurrijal Fahmihttps://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/8744UTILIZATION OF CROSSPUZZLE GAMES AS LEARNING MEDIA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAHARAH KITABAH2024-02-23T12:27:58+00:00Ana Lailatul Fitriaanalailatulfitria12@gmail.comMuhammad Afton Ulin Nuhaafthon@uinsatu.ac.id<p>Language is a communication tool. With language, we can talk to know each other. In addition to the local language and the national language, namely Indonesian, we also know foreign languages. Foreign Language is currently a compulsory subject for students at all levels of education. Most of the foreign languages spoken are English and Arabic. Many students experience difficulties in learning both foreign languages, especially in learning Arabic. In learning Arabic, there are four skills that must be mastered, namely maharah istima' (listening skills), maharah qiro'ah (reading skills), maharah kalam (speaking skills), and maharah kitabah (writing skills). Writing skill (maharah al-kitabah) is the highest skill of the four Arabic language skills. Writing is an activity related to thought processes and expression skills in written form. In order to make learning more efficient, an educator is required to be creative in conveying learning material, this is done so that learning writing skills becomes more fun and can help students in learning Arabic. One of the media that can be a solution is the crossword puzzle (TTS) game media. This study aims to explain the media for learning Arabic games in the form of crossword puzzles in maharah kitabah.</p><p>Keywords: Maharah kitabah, learning media, Al-Kalimah Al-Mutaqati'ah </p><p> </p><p>Bahasa adalah alat komunikasi. Dengan bahasa, kita dapat berbicara mengenal satu sama lain. Selain bahasa daerah dan bahasa nasional, yaitu bahasa Indonesia, kita juga mengenal bahasa Asing. Bahasa Asing saat ini menjadi mata pelajaran wajib bagi pelajar disemua jenjang Pendidikan. Kebanyakan bahasa asing yang dipakai yaitu bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab. Banyak siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari kedua bahasa asing tersebut, terutama dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab. Dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab, ada empat keterampilan yang harus dikuasai yaitu maharah istima’ (keterampilan mendengar), maharah qiro’ah (keterampilan membaca), maharah kalam (keterampilan berbicara), dan maharah kitabah (keterampilan menulis). Keterampilan menulis (maharah al-kitabah) merupakan keterampilan tertinggi dari empat keterampilan berbahasa Arab. Menulis adalah kegiatan berhubungan dengan proses berpikir serta keterampilan ekspresi dalam bentuk tulisan. Agar pembelajaran lebih efisien, seorang pendidik dituntut menjadi kreatif dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran, hal ini dilakukan agar pembelajaran keterampilan menulis menjadi lebih menyenangkan dan dapat membantu siswa dalam kegiatan belajar bahasa Arab. Salah satu media yang dapat menjadi solusi adalah media permainan Teka Teki Silang (TTS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan media pembelajaran permainan bahasa Arab berupa teka teki silang (Al Kalimah Al Mutaqati’ah) dalam maharah kitabah.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: Maharah kitabah, Media pembelajaran, Al-Kalimah Al- Mutaqati’ah</p><p> </p><p> </p>2023-12-31T08:58:43+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Ana Lailatul Fitria, Muhammad Afton Ulin Nuhahttps://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/8188استخدام فيديو لتنمية مهارة كلام لطلاب المستوى المتوسط بمدرسة مسكومامبان2024-02-09T05:24:43+00:00Dwi Kurniawandwikurr09@gmail.comNur Cholis Agus Santosonur.cholish@stai-ali.ac.idNasaruddin Nasaruddinnasaruddin@uinsby.ac.id<h1 dir="RTL">يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة تنمية تعليم مهارة الكلام باستخدام فيديو في مدرسة مسكومامبان المتوسطة لأن الباحث يرى طرق التدريس المسخدة فيها غير مبتكرة وراكدة وقليلة الوسائل في التعليم التي تجعل الحماسة ودؤوب التلاميذ نازلة. ومن هذه المشاكل يجرى البحث بشكل"شبه إجرائي" باستخدام وسائل التعليم فيديو لتنمية مهارة الكلام. وفي هذا البحث يقوم الباحث بالدورين لمعرفة مدى فعالية استخدام فيديو لتنمية مهارة الكلام لدى طلاب الفصل التاسع في المدرسة المتوسطة مسكومامبان ودرجة تطور الوسائل الدراسية فيها. والبحث مركز في تطبيق استخدام وسيلة فيديو. مجتمع البحث لهذا البحث طلاب الفصل. أما طريقة جمع البيان هو اختبار، وتحليل يقوم بالطريقة الكميّ النوعيّ. وأما نتيجة هذا البحث مهارة الكلام اللغة العربية بوسيلة الفيديو، وتوجد من خلال الاختبار لكل الدور، من قبل اللقاء 32%، في الدور الأول تدل ترقية بالدرجة أحسن من قبل الدور قد وصلت الدرجة 58%، وكذلك في الدور الثاني تدل ترقية بالدرجة أحسن من قبل الدور وقد وصلت الدرجة 83%. من النتائج البحث يبين الارتفاع عن المهارة الكلام اللغة العربية.</h1><h1 dir="RTL">الكلمات المفتاحية: وسيلة الفيديو، تعليم اللغة العربية، مهارت الكلام.</h1>2023-12-31T09:01:15+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Dwi Kurniawan, Dr. Nasaruddin, Nur Cholis Agus Santosohttps://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/9649تحليل الأخطأ الصوتية لدى الطلاب لقبيلة منديلنج في تعليم اللغة العربية بالمدرسة الإسلامية الحكومية 4 منديلنج ناتل2024-02-09T05:24:50+00:00Muhammad Martuamuhammadmartua0201@gmail.comDarwin Zainuddindarwinzainuddin@gmail.com<p dir="RTL">تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الأخطاء الصوتية التي يرتكبها لطلاب مدرسة الثانوية الحكومية 4 منديلنج ناتل في تعليم اللغة العربية. استخدمت هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي النوعي. لجمع بيانات البحث، فإن الطرق المستخدمة هي طرق الاستماع وطرق التسجيل. إن فهم علم الأصوات العربي مهم جدا لتجنب تحريف الأصوات العربية. أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن الأخطاء الصوتية لدى الطلاب والتي تحدث غالبا أثناء أنشطة القراءة تكون في صوت الصوامت (ذ، ز، ش، خ،ظ). العامل الذي يسبب النطق الخاطئ للأصوات الصوامت هو أن الطلاب لا يعرفون نقطة نطق الصوت الصوامت على الإطلاق وهذا صوت الصوامت ليس له أي شيء مشترك مع اللغة الأم للطالب لذلك يجدون صعوبة في نطق الصوت ذلك.</p>2023-12-31T09:00:19+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Martuahttps://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/8216استخدام استراتيجيات ترتيب الكلمات في تعليم الصرف خاصة في موضوع الصيغة لطالبات الصف الثاني في معهد دار الأخوة للبنات الثاني2024-02-09T05:24:56+00:00Faricha Nidaul Hanifafarichahanifa@gmail.com<p>Pembelajaran shorof atau morfologi terkadang dianggap mudah dipelajari bagi pembelajar bahasa Arab tingkat pemula, sehingga mata pelajaran ini pun mulai diajarkan di kelas 2 SMP di berbagai sekolah, salah satunya di Pondok Pesantren Daarul Ukhuwwah Putri 2 Malang. Penelitian ini mebahas tentang strategi pembelajaran shorof dengan permainan susun kata yang disesuaikan dengan kurikulum dan buku ajar pondok tersebut, yaitu kurikulum KMI. Peneliti ingin mendeskripsikan bagaimana proses pembelajaran dengan strategi susun kata pada materi shorf sighatul kalimat santriwati kelas 2 di Pondok Pesantren Daarul Ukhuwwah Putri 2 serta mendeskripsikan kelebihan dan kekurangan strategi tersebut. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang diperoleh berupa catatan lapangan, foto, dokumentasi dan lain-lain. Penellitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang dilakukan berdasarkan paradigma, strategi dan implementasi model secara kualitatif. Hasil pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan Strategi Susun Kata Pada Pembelajaran Shorf Sighatul Kalimat Santriwati kelas 2 di Pondok Pesantren Daarul Ukhuwwah Putri 2 membawa pengaruh positif pada pembelajaran shorof. Dilihat dari hasil observasi yang menunjukkan peningkatan kesemangatan santriwati dalam belajar serta memberi inovasi baru bagi guru dalam menyampaikan materi dan mengambil evaluasi.<strong></strong></p>2023-12-31T09:01:56+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Faricha Nidaul Hanifahttps://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/9559اللغة وعلاقتها بالتدين2024-02-10T13:34:12+00:00Sufrin Efendi Lubissufrin.efendi@gmail.com<p dir="RTL"><strong>تجريد</strong></p><p dir="RTL">إن اللغة هي وسيلة التواصل بين البشر، فباللغة يعبر الإنسان عما يحبه وما يكره، ومن خلال اللغة يستطيع الإنسان أيضاً مدح الآخرين والتقليل من شأنهم. وهذا دليل واضح على أهمية اللغة للإنسان، لأنه باللغة يحترم الإنسان أو يهان، وبالتالي هناك علاقة بين اللغة، وخاصة لغة اللسان والتدين. وكان هدف البحث هنا يدور حول التعرف على اللغة خاصو بالتي يتم التعبير بها بالكلمات، ولذا ستكون الحديث بشكل مطول عن اللغة المنطوقة, والمارد باللغة هنا التي يستخدمها الشخص للتعبير عما يريد. وأما سؤال البحث المقترح في البحث هو هل هناك علاقة بين ما يقال من خلال الكلام وجودة التدين. وكان نوع البحث المستخدم هو البحث المكتبي، حيث تعتبر الكتب أحد المصادر الرئيسية، مع عدة مصادر إضافية أخرى مثل كمقالات علمية ومنشورات على الإنترنت وغيرها حسب احتياجات البحث. وبعد إجراء عملية البحث تبين أن هناك علاقة متبادلة بين اللغة والتدين، فاللغة هي السبب والتدين هو النتيجة. وكلما حسنت اللغة كان التدين أفضل، ولكن ليس هذا هو المقياس الوحيد لمعرفة التدين، بل يمكن أن يكون الإنسان ذو لسان لين، وحسن كلام، فيلعنه الله على نفاقه وحسده.</p><p dir="RTL"><em>الكلمات المفتاحية: اللغة , العلاقة و التدين</em></p><p><strong>Abstrack</strong></p><p>Language is a means of communication between humans, with language, a person expresses what he likes and dislikes, and through language a person can also praise and belittle other people. This is clear evidence of the importance of language to a person, because with language a person is respected or insulted, therefore there is a relationship between language, especially spoken language and religiosity. The aim of the research here revolves around getting to know language specifically which is spoken in words, because the researcher will talk at length about spoken language and the language a person uses to express what they want. The research question must be: "Is there a relationship between what is said through speech and the quality of religiosity?" The type of research used is library research, where books are considered as one of the main sources, with several other additional sources such as scientific articles, publications on the internet, etc. others, according to research needs. After carrying out the research process, it was discovered that there was a reciprocal relationship between language and religiosity, language being the cause and religiosity being the result. The better the language, the better the religiosity, but that is not the only benchmark for knowing religiosity, but it could be that someone has a soft tongue and good words, while Allah curses him for his hypocrisy and envy.</p>Key words: language, relationship and religiosity2023-12-31T09:03:11+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Sufrin Efendi Lubishttps://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/8656تأثير لعبة جينغا (JENGA PERMAINAN)على تعليم المفردات في المدرسة الابتدائية الإسلامية المتكاملة المرمحة كامبونغ دالام باريامان2024-02-28T05:26:38+00:00Nimatus - Saidahnimatussaidah2026@gmail.comDevy - Aisyahdevy.aisyah@iainbatusangkar.ac.id<p>The purpose of this discussion is to determine the effect of playing jenga on mufradat learning in Al-Marhamah Kampung Dalam Pariaman Integrated Islamic Elementary School students. And researchers used experimental research methods with three data collection instruments, namely through observation, interviews, and exams/tests. The research design is Quasi Experiment Design with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. And after the researcher used the jenga game for abstract learning, the researcher found that the results of to were greater than tt, namely 2.55> 1.71 therefore Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a difference between the value of mufradat learning by using the jenga game with the value of mufradat learning without using jenga games. The conclusion from this study is that playing jenga has an effect on the value of mufradat learning in students.</p>2023-12-31T08:57:42+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Nimatus - Saidah, Devy - Aisyahhttps://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/8437DEVELOPMENT OF VIDEO-BASED ARABIC READING LEARNING MEDIA2024-02-09T05:25:09+00:00Siti Nurazizahnurazizah7377@gmail.com<p>This study aims to develop video-based Arabic reading learning media at Al-Azhar Islamic High School Kelapa Gading Jakarta. The research method used is development research with the ADDIE model. The subject of the study was a grade XI student of Al-Azhar Islamic High School Kelapa Gading Jakarta. Development research with the ADDIE model has five stages of research, namely: Analyze, researchers analyze student needs for the development of video-based learning media; Design, researchers collect material and design media to be developed; Development, researchers carry out the process of developing video-based learning media; Implementation, testing products that have been developed; and Evaluation, evaluating activities to determine the quality of media products that have been developed. The results of the material expert assessment get a percentage of 86.67% with the very decent category and the results of the media expert assessment get a percentage of 90.58% with the very decent category and the results of student assessment and evaluation get a percentage of 85.12% with the very decent category. Based on the assessment above, video-based learning media is suitable to be used as an Arabic learning medium, especially in reading Arabic.</p>2023-12-31T09:04:13+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Siti Nurazizahhttps://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/view/8704الدراسة النحوية عن الاشتغال وأساليبه فى القرآن جزء عمّ2024-02-10T13:38:05+00:00Muh. Abrarmuh.abrar@iuqibogor.ac.idAsriani Asrianiasriani@iuqibogor.ac.idAbdul Hamidhudailiabdulhamid@gmail.com<p>This research shows the definition of the worker's work from the work and its provisions, and it shows the surahs that contain the worker's work from the work in the thirtieth part of the Qur'an. As for the research methods that the researcher uses to study this writing, it is the qualitative research approach, in terms of its type. From this research, the researcher knew that the worker's occupation of the work is a preceding object, even if two sentences are nominative and accusative. The nominative is like the subject and the accusative is like the object. Also, the researcher knew that six surahs that contain the preoccupation of a worker from the work in the thirtieth part of the Qur’an, namely, Surat Al-Duha, Surat Al-Shams, Surat Al-Fajr, Surat Al-Naza’at, Surat ‘Abs, and Surat Al-Naba’. The researcher found that the worker is busy with what is done in the thirtieth part of the Qur’an. There are ten verses that contain work, which are two verses in Surat Al-Duha, verse: 9 and 10, three verses in Surat Al-Shams, verses: 5,6, and 7, one verse in Surat Al-Fajr, verse: 15, one of the verses in Surat Abas, verse: 20, two verses in Surat Al-Naza'at, verses: 30 and 32, and the other from the verse of Surat Al-Naba, verse: 29.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Muh. Abrar